End-of-Life EV Batteries
NCM / LFP cells & modules
CAS —Tested and graded retired battery packs and modules for second life or recycling.
SOH 70–80%
RECYCLING & CIRCULARITY · Recycling Stage
Recycling & Circularity
Recycled feedstock is an important supplement to primary lithium. End-of-life batteries are tested, dismantled and shredded to black mass, then returned to battery-grade lithium carbonate through hydrometallurgical leaching, purification and precipitation. This category summarises payable elements in black mass, impurity limits and the specification basis for recycled lithium salts.
4products
Recycling Stagevalue-chain stage
End-of-life batteries and black mass fall under dangerous-goods and solid-waste rules; cross-border movement is subject to the Basel Convention and national regulations, so the compliance path must be confirmed in advance.
Battery Black Mass
Li / Ni / Co / Mn / graphite
CAS —Concentrate of valuable metals from shredded and sorted retired batteries.
Li 2.0–4.0%
Second-Life Battery
LFP / NCM modules
CAS —Reconfigured retired cells for backup, energy storage and low-speed vehicles.
SOH ≥ 70%
Recycled Lithium Carbonate
Li₂CO₃
CAS 554-13-2Hydrometallurgically recovered from black mass and purified to battery-grade specifications.
Li₂CO₃ ≥ 99.5%
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