Overview
LCO offers the highest compaction density and good rate performance, and has long dominated batteries for phones, laptops and wearables. 4.45 V/4.5 V high-voltage systems place higher demands on doping, coating and electrolyte matching.
- Compaction 4.0–4.2 g/cm³
- 4.2–4.5 V systems
- D50 5–15 µm adjustable
Technical data
| Item | 4.2 V | 4.45 V |
|---|---|---|
| Specific capacity / mAh·g⁻¹ | 155–165 | 165–175 |
| First-cycle efficiency / % | 94–96 | 93–95 |
| Compaction density / g·cm⁻³ | 4.0–4.2 | 4.0–4.2 |
| D50 / µm | 5–15 | 5–15 |
| Residual alkali / % max | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Moisture / % max | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Magnetic impurities / ppm max | 0.3 | 0.3 |
High-voltage LCO requires high-voltage electrolytes and cathode additives; cycling data should be based on cell tests.
Reference standards
Standards and values are typical references. Supply is governed by the agreed technical protocol and the batch COA.
Main applications
Packaging and storage
Packaging
25 kg aluminum-foil lined bags in fiber drums.
Storage
Dry and sealed.
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